The 6th International and 4th Scientific Conference of Scientific College - Tikrit University 2025
The International and Scientific Conference of Scientific College - Tikrit University for more details about the conference please visit https://www.4iscs.tu.edu.iq
Electronic structure study of $\text{Gd}_2\text{O}_3$: A Compton scattering study
The isotropic Compton profile of $\text{Gd}_2\text{O}_3$ have been measurea using $661.65\text{ keV}$ $\gamma$-radiations emitted from our $740\text{ GBq}$ ($20\text{ Ci}$) $^{137}\text{Cs}$ Compton spectrometer at an intermediate resolution of $0.34\text{ a.u.}$ The experimental Compton profiles have been compared with the theoretical Compton profiles deduced from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method as embodied in CRYSTAL09 code, and also compared with ionic model. The measurement is compared with (LCAO) calculation within approximation (HF) and DFT (LDA, GGA, SOGGA),it is show that the (HF) is in agreement with experimental data. The ionic model calculations for a number of configurations of $\text{Gd}_2^{+3x}\text{O}_3^{-2x}$ ($0.0 \le x \le 6$) have also been performed while taking free atom profiles and the model suggests transfer of $5.0$ electrons from the valence $5\text{d}$ shell or $6\text{s}$ shell for $\text{Gd}$ to the $2\text{p}$ shell of $\text{O}$.
Copyright (c) 2026 The 6th International and 4th Scientific Conference of Scientific College - Tikrit University 2025
Second Scientific Conference – Science College – Tikrit University 2012
In this work we design and fabricate a of solar dish concentration with diameters (1.6) meters for application solar steam or Stirling engine, the dish fabrication by metal of galvanized steel and Its interior surface is covered with a reflecting layer with reflectivity up to(76%) and equipped with receiver in its focal position , The measurement for temperature and solar power were given .
Power Dissipation in AC Discharge of Argon at Low Pressure in The Frequency Range 100-1000 Hz
This work investigates the Influence of AC frequency, in the range 100-1000 Hz, on the power dissipation of an argon AC discharge at low pressure. It is observed that the power dissipation increases with frequency in the range 100-750 Hz and decreases with frequency in the range 750-1000 Hz for gas pressures 50-80 mTorr. It is also deduced that the dissipated power decreases with increasing the discharge pressure and the minimum power is dissipated at Paschen curve minimum.
Epidemiological Study of Some Candida albicans Strains in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy by Using PCR Technique in Whole Blood
Candida species were common human commensals that can cause a wide spectrum of disease, major concern was hematogenously disseminated infection which was occurring with increased prevalence in immunocompromised patients, although Candida albicans remains the most frequent cause of fungemia and hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. In the presented study was 102 patient undergoing chemotherapy and 73 control outpatients resuming Tikrit teaching hospital were examined to determine the prevalence of candidemia by using blood culture method from isolation, cultural identification, were 17.6% from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy positive for candidemia, while all control patient negative. Were83.4% from rural area for province of Tikrit . in addition, were 61.2% from south direction Tikrit city and DNA extraction from whole blood samples depending on distribution cancer patients and candidemia to detected direct diagnosis and universal strains in our epidemiological study, were 80% Candida albicans strains of ATCC 10261, 3153, A72, MEN, Cl032, ClOll, Cl012, Cl035, ClO60, and ClO61 by using PCR technique.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been described as an important etiological agent of intrauterine infection in pregnant women which may lead to some serious results such as miscarriage, stillbirth, cerebellar malformation, fetus developmental retardation. In the present study from the December 2011 to April 2012 in Kirkuk province we examined 110 serum samples from pregnant women and 80 non pregnant as control group for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against HCMV by standard enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. The results was 65(59%) of the cases were seropositive for HCMV-IgG and 6(5.46%) cases were seropositive for HCMV-IgM and 12(10.9%) cases were seropositive for both HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM at the same time . Other women (controls) they were lower rates for seropositive HCMV antibodies. The highest rate of IgG was found in rural area while IgM found in urban area. There was an increasing trend in IgM positivity rate with age in pregnant women between 24-29 years. The IgG seroprevalance rate highest in second trimester of pregnancy while the maximum rate of abortion (73.07%) was found in the first trimester of pregnancy. High seropositive rates for HCMV in pregnant women indicate that most of the women were exposed to these viruses before child-bearing age as well as during the pregnancy.
Study of some virulence factors in Proteus sp. associated with diarrhea
Various virulence factors including protease, lipase, lecithinase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatin liquefaction, haemolysin, congo red binding and urease production were determined for 94 Proteus isolates recovered from stool specimens of 518 children suffering from diarrhea. Eighty six (91.5%) of these isolates were belong to Proteus mirabilis and 8 (8.5%) were Proteus penneri. The results showed that the distribution of virulence factors was variable among the tested isolates. All isolates 94 (100%) were urease producers' but have different ability for binding to Congo red, gelatin liquefaction, deoxyribonuclease, lipase, protease, lecithinase, and haemolysin production. In order to study the invasion character, mice (Balb/c) infants were sucked with the suspension of (1) selected virulent isolate of Proteus mirabilis (positive for all the virulence factors), histological sections were performed to study the mode of the entry of bacteria into the enterocytes, and the histological changes in the liver. Microscopical examination for histological sections showed pathological effect on two organs when compared with the control organs. The results give clear evidence that Proteus mirabilis more virulent than Proteus penneri.
Rotavirus, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Parasitic Etiology of Pediatric Diarrhea in Kirkuk city
Diarrheal disease continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries [1]. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of illness and death in infants and children throughout the world, especially in developing countries. An estimated 2.5 million gastroenteritis deaths occur each year in children less than 5 years of age [2]. Diarrheal infections may be caused by bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens. Some cases have a single defined cause; others do not have any defined cause, and a substantial number (one third) are caused by multiple pathogens, because such known diarrheal pathogen fulfills Koch's postulates and is capable of being the sole etiologic agent causing disease. Multiple pathogens are not essential for causing disease. How additional pathogens cause and contribute to the disease process is unknown. The source of the multiple pathogens in a patient could simply result from multiple pathogens in an urban environment of crowded impoverished conditions. If the various pathogens occurred independently in cases of disease, then each pathogen in a polymicrobial infection would be expected to occur in proportion to its presence in all patients with severe diarrhea [3]. Rotavirus remains the commonest cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. Children in developing countries die more because of several factors including poorer access to hydration therapy. The reported prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea from global surveillance networks and hospital-based studies ranges from 6% to 56%. [4] Rotavirus was coined from the Latin word (rota – meaning wheel), and is given because the viruses have a distinct wheel-like shape [5]. Rotaviruses are non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA) comprising a genus within the family Reoviridae. The 11 segments of dsRNA genome code for 6 structural and 6 non-structural proteins. Seven groups of rotavirus (A–G) have been described, with group A rotaviruses being the leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children < 5 years of age worldwide. [6] It is not possible to diagnose rotavirus infection by clinical presentation because the clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis do not differ from those of gastroenteritis caused by other pathogens. Confirmation of rotavirus infection by laboratory testing is necessary for reliable rotavirus surveillance and can be useful in clinical settings to avoid inappropriate use of antimicrobial therapy. Rotavirus is shed in high concentrations in the stool of children with gastroenteritis and a fecal specimen is the preferred specimen for diagnosis [4]. The main symptoms of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) are fever, abdominal pain, lethargy, diarrhea and vomiting that may lead to hypovolemic shock and dehydration. Severe cases may lead to death. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 527,000 children under the age of five years die of rotavirus disease each year. Children in the poorer countries account for 82% of rotavirus deaths [7]. There is increasing evidence that polymicrobial infections in which microorganisms present specific pathologies may act in a synergistic or inhibitory fashion, impacting on either tissue, host cell destruction or the maintenance of health; among these, bacterial-bacterial, viral-viral, parasitic-parasitic, or viral-bacterial interactions have been well documented. For example, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) or enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) may provide a second pathogen with better conditions to invade the intestine and cause diarrhea [8]. Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) have replaced electron microscopy (EM) as the standard method for the detection of rotaviruses in stool samples in the 1980s [9].
Prevalence of Rotavirus, Adenovirus, and Rotavirus denovirus Coinfection among children less than 5 years in Kirkuk city
Infectious gastroenteritis is one of most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years age. Rotavirus and enteric adenoviruses are the most important agents of infectious gastroenteritis. Little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis in our region. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients admitted to Kirkuk pediatric hospital. Fresh stool specimens of 177 children < 5 years age patients admitted to Kirkuk pediatric hospital during Jan-May 2012 due to acute gastroenteritis were studied. Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were investigated in the fresh stool specimens with the qualitative Latex for Rotavirus and Rota-Adeno immunochromatographic test for both Rotavirus and Adenovirus. Using latex agglutination viral antigens were determined In 30 (16.9%) of the fresh stool specimens. Of these 30 specimens, rotavirus was established in 10 (33.3%), enteric adenovirus in 2 (6.6%), both rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in 10 (33.3%) and 8 (26.6%) were negative for both Rota-Adenovirus using immunochromatographic test.. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 36.6 % of patients infants between 7 and 12 months of age were most frequently infected
Detection of CD3,19 and CD4,8 markers on lymphocyte of lymphocytic leukemia Iraqi patients
This work aimed to study expression of CD marker on surface of lymphocyte of (acute lymphocyte leukemia ALL; chronic lymphocyte leukemia CLL, and control). To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 39 leukemic cases (21 ALL and 18 CLL), and isolation of lymphocyte than proliferation of leukemia lymphocyte culture for detection of CD Marker on surface of lymphocyte by immunofluorescence technique, the results, appeared elevated levels of CD8+ cells in both ALL and CLL patients were detected, in contrast, lower levels of CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were noticed in these patients. However, high level of CD3+ cells, CD8/CD19 ratio and CD19+ cells were noticed in ALL patients and low level in CLL patients.
Prevalence of Eczema in the children of Kirkuk city
Background: Eczema is a multi-factorial inflammatory skin disease, arising from the interplay of both genetic pre-disposition and environmental exposures; it is a form of dermatitis which constitutes a local inflammation of the skin characterized by itching and redness often associated with children.
Aerobic Biotreatment of Hospital wastewater
This study aimed to use aerobic packed bed in biotreatment of the wastewater that discharge from AL-KARAMA hospital in Baghdad. The performance of packed-bed was examined for elimination of the organic compounds from wastewater under aerobic conditions. The parameters studied were: inoculums concentration, wastewater circulation rate through the bed, packing type and the temperature. The results show that the system efficiently removed about 82% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 80% of Biological oxygen demand (BOD), while percent reduction in turbidity was about 92% and reduction in nitrate concentration was about 87%. It was found that temperature of 37°C , circulation rate of 10 L/min and inoculums concentration of 3% gave the best results for biotreatment of wastewater.
Diagnostic study of some species of Genus Entamoeba by PCR technique in City Tikrit
A total of 317 stool samples were collected from patients attended Tikrit Teaching hospital and some clinics laboratories in the Tikrit city center and its environs during the period extend from 25 /10 / 2009 to 1/4 /2010. Microscopic examination of direct wet smear, formalin – ether concentration methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for diagnosis and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, E.dispar, E.moshkovskii. The results revealed that out of 317 stool samples examined by wet mount and formalin – ether concentration 54 (17.03%) were infected with E.histolytica / E.dispar trophozoite and / or cyst as found in stool sample varying from solid , semi – solid , diarrhea (watery or bloody and mucus together).whereas the PCR carried out on the stool samples recorded positive for E.histolytica / E.dispar in microscopic examination showed that 45 out of 54 (83.33%) were E.dispar and 1 out 54 (1.85%) was mixed infection of E.dispar and E.moshkovskii, and 14.18% (8 of 54) were negative, no infection with E.histolytica.The diagnosis of E.moshkovskii is first considered in the present study from Tikrit city.
An epidemiologic study on Cryptosporidium spp. in Kirkuk city with some trials for in vitro treating the parasite.
This study was included the examination of 1836 stool samples from patients who attended the Pediatric General Hospital, Azadi Teaching Hospital, and a number of Primary Health Centers in Kirkuk city. The age of the patients were ranged from < 1 to > 60 years. The samples were collected from January to December 2009. Cryptosporidium incidence rate among human population in Kirkuk city was not high (0.98%). The incidence of the parasite was significantly higher in male with rate of 1.16% among 947 stool samples examined than female with rate of 0.79% among 889 stool samples examined. The most age group which was infected was <1 , 1-9 year and 50-59 year with rate of 1.02, 1.14, 2.38% for each age group, respectively. The infection was more severe in children than in adults. Only one case of double infection with Trichomonas hominis was seen among the positive cases. The seasonal prevalence of the parasite had not showed significant differences between the different months of the year. The parasite was more prevalent among tap water users and among people who had animals at residence. The results of the watery and alcoholic plant extracts in in vitro tests of the chorion stem cell cultures showed that the Curcuma longa had the highest effect with inhibition rate of 42.7, 81.8% for each of watery and alcoholic plant extracts, respectively at 1000mg/kg. Very low effect were recorded for each of Coriandrum sativum and Viscum album. The effect of adding folic acid and potassium chloride alone or together to the watery and alcoholic plant extracts had no synergistic effect, they were decreased the inhibition rate of all extracts and azithromycin. Because there are little studies on Cryptosporidium prevalence in Kirkuk city, despite the huge efforts for treating the parasite there is no curative treatment, we tried to study the parasite epidemiology in this city and find out the in vitro effect of some medicinal plant extracts on the parasite.
Protective Effect of Curcumin on Mitronidazole Induced Genotoxicity in Bone Marrow Chromosomes of Swiss Albino Mice
Curcumin the yellow colored polyphenolic super antioxidant derived from powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa is useful in various debilitating conditions. It is also recommended in cancer prevention and as a treatment adjunct in various diseases. Hence, the aim of the present experimental design was to assess the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) on mitronidazole (MTZ) Induced genotoxicity in bone marrow chromosomes of Swiss albino mice. In the present experiment four batches of Swiss-albino mice were maintained. The experimental group was administered five consecutive oral dose of mitronidazole (50mg/kg/animal/day). The subsequent experimental group was administered curcumin (4.5mg/animal/day) for 9 days and on the 10th day Mitronidazole (50mg/kg/animal/day) was administered for five consecutive days. For each experimental group a parallel control group was maintained, one group administered 0.5ml of Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for 14 days the seconded group administered 50 mg/kg b.wt. of MTZ for 9 days. Twenty two hours after the administration of the last dose, mice were sacrificed and air-dried metaphase preparations were made and subsequently assessed for chromosomal damage. In animals treated with only mitronidazole there was a significant decline in mitotic index. The aneugenic property of mitronidazole was distinctly discernible, besides other chromosomal aberrations such as polyploidy terminal deletions and breaks were also observed. In comparison an elevation in mitotic index equivalent to normal group was discerned in animals pre-treated with curcumin and subsequently treated with mitronidazole and an overall decline in the mutation rate was also discernible clearly indicating the protective effect of curcumin.
Food preference, repellent and attractive effects of 14-kinds of spices to the rust red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst
This study aim to determine the food and oviposition preference for rust red flour beetle to the different types of spices, also the attractive and repellent effects of the spices to the adults and larvae of the beetle. Results showed that adults and larvae of the insect preferred ginger spice than the others, with a percentage of 32 and 16%, respectively, when given a free choice for feeding. On the other hand adult beetle preferred ginger for egg laying which and gave the highest number (9.66) after 10 days exposure in the free choice. All spices showed attractive effect to adults except cardamom and roselle while only roselle showed repellent effect to larvae.
Population density of khapra beetle on 14 –kinds of stored spices under natural storage conditions
This study was conducted to determine the population density of khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts when reread on fourteen kinds of the common used spices (Cardamon, Red pepper, black pepper, Coriander, Cumin, Cubeb, Ginger, Roselle, Cinnamon, Anise, Thyme, Mint, Clove, and Bay Leaf) under natural storage conditions for 2 and 4 month storage in addition to evaluate the loss caused due to the infestation. Results revealed that the population density of the insect varied significantly according to the spices used. The highest mean population density was 390.83 in anise while black pepper showed the lowest population density (19.33). On the other hands, results illustrated that the highest mean weight loss was 9.77% on anise followed by 8.16 on clove while the lowest was 0.68% found in black pepper followed by 1.25% on red pepper.
Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among blood donors in Mosul Central Blood Bank/Iraq
Cytomegalovirus infection is a matter of concern for blood bank professionals and blood transfusion recipients, especially incase of transfusion to neonates and immunocompromised patients, seroprevalence study was conduct on 100 blood samples from donors that were used in serological screening and confirm by real time PCR. All analysis were conducted using the Elisa technique (Biotechch, Inc. USA) and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (Sacace, Italy). Interpretation results accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, from beginning May to the end October 2011. a total of 100 blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors, the samples against anti-CMV-IgM and IgG using Elisa technique and determination CMV DNA viral load by Real Time PCR, thereals shows seroprevalence of anti-CMV IgG in samples studied was 64% and that of anti-CMV IgM 3%, while the CMV DNA was 2%. The viral load more than 80000 copy/ml.
Serum cytokine levels in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis: A useful clinical marker for disease activity
Objective: To measure the serum level of IL4, IL10 and IFN-gamma of Atopic patients (AD) before and after treatment with tacrolimus ointment or topical steroid by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to evaluate the disease activity. Methods: IL4, IL10 and IFN-gamma concentrations in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fifty atopic dermatitis patients were giving two types of treatment and 43/50 were reanalyzed after one month of treatment with tacrolimus or topical and systemic steroids. The severity of atopic dermatitis was graded on the criteria of Hanifin and Rajika. The disease activity was assessed by each patient on a visual analogue scale(VAS). All investigations were done in laboratory of medical microbiology/medical collage of Al nahrain University.
Effect of Iron Overdose on Histological Pictures of Liver and Kidneys of Neonate Rabbits
Twenty neonate Rabbits were used, and divided into two groups. The first group (control) includes 10 neonate Rabbits, while the second 10 neonate Rabbits were the experimental and received 25mg\kg iron sulphat dissolved in D.W. (suspension)\day for one month duration. The toxic effects of iron were clear in the different tissue. The histological change were clear in the hepatic cell atrophy, irregular hepatic cells, RBC cells in the blood sinusoid. However, the kidney tissue showed rupture or absence of Bowman's capsule, atrophy of glomeruli, and lymphatic cells infiltration. the distal convoluted tubules were lined with low cuboidal cells.
Role of Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease its association with triglycerides in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) in the general population. There are conflicting reports in the extent of its association with IHD among subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of Lp(a) and its relationship with other lipids parameters among Omani T2DM subjects with and without IHD. An over-night fasting blood sample from 221 T2DM subjects (86 females and 135 males) and 156 non-diabetics (69 females and 87 males) aged 30–70 years (as control) was taken for lipid profile studies.Lp(a) was significantly lower (p = 0.012) among T2DM subjects 0.123(1.12) g/L compared to non-diabetics 0.246 (1.18) g/L, irrespective of gender. A significant correlation (Spearman correlation, P = 0.047) was revealed between Lp(a) and IHD among Omani T2DM subjects. The proportions of T2DM subjects with IHD and an Lp(a) >0.3 g/L was higher compared to T2DM without IHD irrespective of gender, for women 42% vs. 27% and for men 17.5 vs. 8%, respectively. A significant negative correlation existed between Lp(a) and triglycerides (r = 0.41, P = 0.002) among T2DM subjects. In contrast, a significant positive correlation existed between Lp(a) and LDL-chol among the non-diabetic subjects. Women had significantly higher Lp(a) concentration compared to men ( 0.30 Vs. 0.16 g/L, P < 0.0001) irrespective of the diabetic status. Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for IHD among T2DM subjects. Lp(a) concentration was significantly lower and negatively correlated with triglycerides among diabetic compared to non-diabetic subjects
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of black grape seed (Vitis Vinifera L.)
This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of black grape seed extract. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined in two different black grape seed extracts (BGSEs) (aqueous and ethanolic extract). Antioxidant activity of (BGSEs) were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, and metal ion chelating activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared to ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. The results showed that the two (BGSEs) contained large amounts of phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The two (BGSEs) have an antioxidant activities. The results also indicated that the ethanolic (EGSE) contains larger amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and has a higher antioxidant activities than that of aqueous (WGSE). These results indicated that black grape seed extracts aqueous and alcoholic in especial ethanolic (EGSE) are good scavengers for reactive oxygen species(ROS) and are a potential source of natural antioxidant, that may be used in pharmaceutical or food industries.
Dielectric Constant properties of Poly (vinyl acetal)/PVA Dispersed with ZnO Nanoparticles
Poly 4-methyl benzyledene vinyl alcohol (Poly (vinyl Acetal)) was prepared and characterized with IR spectroscopy and the melting point measured. ZnO nanoparticles were also prepared and with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterized, studied and the nanoparticles size were measured. Poly (vinyl acetal)/PVA composite were prepared by ultrasonically mixing with different ZnO nanoparticles percent. Each mixture was fabricated in film and casted in 5x5 cm glass caste. The real and imaginary dielectric permittivity and electric modulus were for the prepared films studied.
Study of the Activity of Some Metal Oxides and Salts as Flame Retardants for Unsaturated Polyester Resin
In this work, calcium carbonate (I), ammonium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (II) and magnesium oxide (III) were used as flame retardants for unsaturated polyester resin in the weight ratios of (0,2,4,7,10 and 12) %, by preparing films of $0.30 \times 130 \times 3 \text{ mm}$ in dimensions. Three standard test methods used to measure the flame retardancy which are: ASTM D-2863 to measure the limiting oxygen index (LOI) , ASTM D-635 to measure the rate of burning (R.B) & ASTM D-3014 to measure the maximum height of flame (H). Results obtained from these tests indicated that, $\text{CaCO}_3$, $\text{H}_2\text{NH}_4\text{PO}_4$ and $\text{MgO}$ have a good effect as flame retardants for unsaturated polyester resin. Ammonium dihydrogen ortho phosphate was the best.
Synthesis, Characterization And Evaluation of Bacterial Activities Of Anew Vanadyl (II), Antimony (III) Complexes Of vitamine-C- Derivatives
Reaction of vanadyl (II) sulphate or antimony trichloride with 2,3,5,6-O,O,O,O-tetraacetic acid-L-ascorbic acid ($L_1$), 5,6,-O-isopropylidene-2,3-O,O-acetic acid-L-ascorbic acid ($L_2$) and methylidene-carboxyl-5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid ($L_3$) in ethanol as solvent. The formed of complexes were characterized by metal content analysis, elemental analysis and electronic vibrational spectral studies. Molar ratio method showed that the two ligands ($L_1$) and ($L_2$) binds through the $\text{C-3-CH}_2\text{COOH}$. The ligand ($L_3$) was bind to metal through carboxylate group. The vanadyl and antimony complexes posses square pyramide arrangement around metal. The complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureu and Escherichia coli showed various activities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pharmacologically Important Acetylenic Amines Derived from Piperazine
Acetylenic amines are very important class of compounds for their pharmacological properties such as activity, low toxicity and easy to absorption from the body. More over these compounds are electron rich and easy to bond with receptor protein. A number of pharmacologically important acetylenic amines derived from piperazine with expected activity as oxotremorine antagonist have been synthesized through Mannich reaction⁽¹⁾. The compounds prepared by reaction of para aromatic substituting propynes with piprazine derivatives and formaldehyde in the presence of cuprous chloride as a catalyst. All the prepared compounds are characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods, the all physical and spectral data are showed in tables (1-3).
Synthesis of some new 3-chloro-4-aryl-2-azitidinone
2-amino benzothiazole ($A_1$) were synthesized by the reaction of p-toludine with potassium thiocynate in presence of bromine , the reaction of compound ($A_1$) with hydrazine hydrate and hydrochloric acid in the ethylene glycol gave 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole ($A_2$). The compounds ($A_{3-7}$) were synthesized by the reaction of 2-hedrazinobenzothiazole with substituted benzaldehyde . 3-chloro-4-aryl-2-azitidinone ($A_{8-12}$) were synthesized by the reaction of compound ($A_{3-7}$) with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of triethyl amine. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by I.R, $^1\text{H-NMR}$ and $^{13}\text{C-NMR}$ spectra and Some chemical and physical data.
UV-Vis assisted Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of some bis-(Schiff's bases) fused with bi(1,3,4-thiadiazole) rings
A new series of di Schiff's bases fused with bi(1,3,4-thiadiazole) rings having the name (2,2'-bis-N-(substitutedbenzylideneamino)-5,5'-bi(1,3,4-thiadiazole)) were prepared through the reaction of oxalic acid with phosphorus oxychloride followed by hydrolysis reaction, the product was directly reacted with benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes. The compounds (0-10) were identified using the analytical and spectral means using (UV-Vis spectroscopy), the antioxidant properties were measured to the prepared compounds using the metal ions ($Fe^{+3}$, $Cu^{+2}$), ferrozine and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine) as indicators, the compound (5) reveals the highest activity through this work.
Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Wastewater onto Cane Papyrus
The aim of the present work is the adsorption of the Methyl Orange dye from wastewater onto Cane Papyrus by using continuous system (fixed bed). Continuous adsorption experiments of fixed bed were carried out to study the effects of (flow rate Q, initial dye concentration C₀, bed depth Z, and PH) on the adsorption capacity and performance of fixed bed adsorber. Adsorption through Cane Papyrus was found to be effective for the removal of the Methyl Orange, where the percent dye removal was 50% and reach 70% for some cases. The equilibrium data were determined experimentally and the equilibrium isotherm was found to be of a favorable type and fit well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In the kinetics study, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were tested; the first equation showed the best represent the experimental data.
Influence of Benzamidomethionine Triorganotin(Iv) on Photostabilization Processes of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
The photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films by triorganotin(IV) complexes of the type Ph₃SnL, Bu₃SnL and Me₃SnL of the Triorganotin (IV) with Benzamidomethionine complexes was investigated. The PVC film containing concentration of complexes 0.5% by weight were produced by casting method from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were also tracked (using THF as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission ($\Phi_{cs}$) of these complexes in PVC films was evaluated and found to range between $5.72 \times 10^{-8}$ and $7.16 \times 10^{-8}$. Results obtained showed that the rate of photostabilization of PVC in the presence of the additive follows the trend: Ph₃SnL > Bu₃SnL > Me₃SnL According to the experimental results obtained, several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among them HCl scavenging, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additives mechanisms were suggested.
Studying of the optical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) films using different Metalssulphate as additivesby measuring allowed direct transition energy gap
The change in the optical band energy gap have been investigatedfor pure Poly (vinyl alcohol)and Poly (vinyl alcohol) doped with different metalssulphate to proper films from their optical absorption spectra. The absorption spectra were measured in the wave rangefrom (200-800) nm at room temperature. The width of the tail of localized states in the band gap ($E_g$) was evaluated using the Urbach-edges method.